Train stop and signaling device.



W. C. NEIN.

WMM STOP ANU SIGNAUNG DEvxcE.

` APPLCATlON HLED ULY 2B, 'IQI- 1 ,269,567. Patented June 1l, 1918.

4 SHEETS-SHET W. C. NEIN.

TRAIN STOP AND SIGNALING DEVICE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY Z8. |914.

A Patented .hun` Il, 1918.

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TRAIN soP AND slGNALING DEVICE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 2B 19H.

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TRAIN SOP AND SIGNALING DEVICE. APPLATmN FILED xuLv 28.1914.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

VJILLIAM CONRAD NEIN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR OF ONE-THIRD TO MAY A. HOLDEN, ADMINISTRATBIX OF GEORGE A. HOLDEN, DECEASED, AND ONE-THIRD TO THOMAS W. VARLEY, OF NEW YORK. N. Y.

TRAIN STOP AND STGNALING DEVICE.

Application filed July 2B, 1914.

To all' who/n it 'may roncern:

lle it known that l. 'WILLIAM Comun Num. citizen ol the United States. and resident ol' borough of 'ltlanlmtlaln in the county ol' New Yorkand State of New York, have inwuted certain new and useful improv(L meut` in Train h'top and Signaling Devices, ui' which tlv following is a specification.

'l`l|i-` im'enliou relates to means` l'or automat iwaliv stopping or dowiug down railway rrlliclciu case oi' danger and t'or giving WuruiuLr lay signals.

yl`ln main object of the invention is' to pi'oxidc improved apparatus whereby the huw rwults may be certainly and safely acomplisln-d.

Another object of the invention is to provide apparat-us` whereby proper operation u'ili lie secured regardless of the relative position ol' the1 vehicle upon the rails.

Another object ot the invention is to proA ridi apparatus of tlu-r chaacter described u1u-retry pennanent magnets are employed as track magnetin an improved way.

Other and ancillaryv objects of the invention uill appeal' hereinafter.

ln Iluaccompanying drawings. which illust rale the invention,

Figurel is a diagrammatic side elevalion o. a vehicle and track illustrating the in* wntion.

Figi :2 is a diagrammatic end elevation ut' the apparatus of Fig. 1,

Figs. il and 4- are enlarged views of sido and end elevations respectively, of a pair of vehicle wheels on one side and a cooperating track magnet. showing details of the track magnet` Fig. .Tl is a diagram showin f the electrical connections oi a signal an( stop system illustrating the invention.

Fig. tl is a sectional View of an air control valve,

Figi. i' is a diagrammatic side elevation of apparatue showing a modification.

Figs. 8 and l) are respectively side and end elevations of an air omrolling device employed ill Fig. 7,

Figs. 10 and l1 are rcspectively diagram'- matic views in side elevation and plan of a. further modification,

Specillcation of Letters Patent.

Patented June 11, 1918.

Serial No. 853.572.

Figs. 1Q and 18 are respectively diagrammatic viewsin plan and end elevation of a. further nuulificalion.

Figs. 14 and 15 are respectively diagrammatic views in plan and side elevation of a. further nunlilication, and

Figs. lll and 'li' are respectively side and end clevatiom of a rail `section havimgif high rclm'lance.

Referringr to the drawings. and first to Figs. l and L). which show in diagram an arrangement ot' cai' and magnetic, circuits. l and 2. are llurails upon which run the vehicle wheels. The wheels are. as usual. in pairs. the wheels and l running' upon the same rail. one ahead ol the other. These wheels are connected h v axles 5 and G respectively with rorres'lwnding Wheels upon the other rail. Thus the wheel 3 is connected with the wheel 7 by the axle 5. The Wheels and axles ma)l he constructed of the usual iron. which as is well known. is of lgfood magnetic conductivity. Connected between two wheels on the lsame rail is a magnet Yoke having as good magnetic connection as possililc with tlu' wheels l and l at its ends 8 and ll. A tongue 'l0 pivoted at` 11 is normail;- held by a spring' 1:2 to close a circuit. includingr the variable resistance 12%. electromagnet ll and batter)` l5. A piece of insulation 1G ma)v bc inserted in the `Yoke to prevent wandering of the electric current, from the circuit of the battery 1o.' Then magnetism ol' the Sufficienty amount passes through the magnetic yoke between the wheels. the tongue 10 maY he attracted, overcominrlr the spring 12 when the circuit of theV magnet 15 will be opened at. the c0ntact 17. Alongr the track Way under each rail is a magnet. having the longitudinal p0rtion 18 a permanent magnet. While the legs 19 and S2() at right angles to the end thereto form cores for the coils :21 and 22. The ends of the cores are presented to the rails in such manner as to make as good magnetic'.4

connection as possible. In soine cases, however, where the motive power is electricity, it may bc desirable, to insulate the limbs 19 and by inserting insulation as 23 and 24 between the limbs and the rails. It is de.- .sired that magnetism emanating from the battery limbs 19 and 20 shall i pass through the wheels and the yoke between them when the -wheels are in pro er relationto the track i that in the embodiment shown, the coils 19 v 'and 20 are wound in such directions as to oppose the ma magnet 18 ten s to set up and normall 'the magnetism passin through the whee on the rail and the yo e betweenl them will not be suihcient to pull down the tongue 10 as the wheels pass the track magnet structure. At such times as it is desired to give'a signal, however, the circuit of the coils 21 and 22 will be broken, so that the permanent magnet will exert its-full strength. The magnetism then sent through the yoke between the wheels on the rail will pull down the tongue 1Q and dener ize the electromagnet 14 whereby signa ing devices are set in operation.

From an examination of Fig. 2 it willbe seen that a magnet structurelike that'shown' in Fig. 1 is placed beneath each rail, the

two being opposite each other. Only one yoke between the air of wheels on one side become subject to the magnetism of the track magnet on one side or the other, ac cording to the relation of the vehicle or train tothe track. A vpair of wheels with the magnetic yoke as .described beingabove one ra'il' they will be above the other rail if the train or bvehicle is turned end for end.

Details of a track magnet structure which may be advantageously employed are shown in Figs. 3 `and 4.` The permanent magnet 18 is preferabl formed of a plurality of bars, plates or amines 28 clamped together by means of clamps 29 and 30. Clamped to the foot of the rail are the members 31 and 32 making intimate magnetic contact therewith. Between the' clamps 31 and 32 and the clamps 29 and 30 'is inserted a bobbin comprising the .windin '19 about the core 20 and they whole is c ampedj together by bolts/tP Each end of the trac magnet structure is securecbto the rail inthe same wayand `e manganese section25 already referred 1prevents short circniting of the magnetism from the wheels.

The insulation of the track magnet structure from the track as indicated at and 24 in Fig. V1 may-be imrudcd beta the clamps 31 and 32 and the imi fl 51 ,andl of course order to have gni-s infanta etism which the permanent i nenn this ein a win be to in sulate the bo ts 33 by bushings or o erwise, so that they will not establish electrical connection between the clamps 31 and 32 and by insulated sections 35, 3'6, 37 Vand 38, there being shown small fractions of a block at each end. Each of the blocks comprises the same a paratus and therefore a reference to the ett-hand block will be sulicient to illustrate the structure in each ,of them. It -will be seen that the block comprises track magnets 39, 40 and 41 each having its horizontal part, that is, in this case t nent magnet, extendin longitudinally of the rail. Directly opposite each of the track magnets 39,- 40, 4.1 and beneath the rail 2 are track magnets142, 43 and 44 of the4 same character in all respects but with this difference, that the polarites of the permanent magnets 42, 43 and 44 are reversed in position with relation to the permanent 1nag nets of the structures 39, 40 and 41, so that when a train moves along the track it Vwill` encounter a north pole on one sidewhen it encounters a southl pole lon the other side. The coils upon the limbs of track magnets'. which are opposite each other are connected a variable resistance 46 and the relay con- `tacts 47. lAs before noted, the coils of the trek magnet structures'are wound and laris shown and 1t is apparent that this will ran ed to oppose the magnetism which e perma- 4 tends to be set up by the permanent magY nets. AThe magnets 40 'and 43 are similarly arranged, having their coils in circuit with the battery 48, the adjustable resistance 49 and ythe relay contacts 50. Similarly, the coils of the magnets 41 and 44 are connected in series -with the battery 51, the relay contacts 52 and the variable resistance 5 3.

The relay magnets 54, 55 and 56 which respectively control the contacts 47, 50 andy 52 are connected in 4series with each other` Vthrough the back contact 57 of the track relay 58 in their ownblock, the variable resistance l59, the battery-60 and the` forward contacts 61 of the track relay 62 of the block ahead. A vehicle 63 is shown in the block and is supposed to be moving in the direction as indicated b the arrow. Conf nected betweenthe trac rails is a battery -64. Between the poles of the track magnets rail sections 65 to (Qrnclusive material of high magnetic reluctance, such as manganese steel, are insert-cdas before referred to. It will also be noted that there isla vehicle 7l 'in the righbhand block.

Referring now to the lefthand block. it wilbe seen that when the 'vehicle i. in tlv the vattcry tiel wili be short-circuited.

he track relay. denergized. At'all other times thc track relay is energized and holds its forward contacts closed.

The blot-lr ahead ol the. one eontainin the vehicle Gi being clear, wheny a pair o the 5y wheels` upon the same. rail are presented to the poles ot' a track magnet, and magnetic and electrical circuitsare arranged as shown in Fig. l, the magnetism would tend to be sely up Ihrough the ma netic circuit ou the vehicle through the wneels by the perinanent magnet. The bloclt ahead being clear, lnnvever, the circuit ollthe magnets 5i, 55 and 56 will be closed, and the relay contacts 4T, 5t) and T2 will be closed. The magnet coils on the. traelt magnets will therefore,

be. energized, and, as they oppose the niagnetisms of' the permanent magnets, no operative magnetism will pass to the vehicle, and the progress of the vehicle will not be, interfered with.

lt' now we consider that; a vehicle is in the middle bloeit, a condition of danger will exist for it by reason of the existence of the vehicle (i3 in the block ahead ot itf The track relay 5S will therefore have its contacts opeii, and the circuit of the local re,w lays will be broken. This delinergizes the coils of the track magnets which permita the permanent magnet of the track magnet to force an operative amount of magnetism through` the wheels and yoke between them. Then the wheels of the vehicle are presented to the magnet poles, for instance, as shown in Fig. 1, an operative amount ol magnetism being sent through the wheels and the yoke between them, the tongue 10 will he' attracted, opening the contacts 1T and deiinergizing,r the electromagnet. 14. The deinergiz/.ing; of this normally energized 40 magnet may set in operation various vaudihle. visible or other slgnal devices and may also operate to automatically operate the air brakes.

In Fig. t5 is shown a device for controlling 4a the air brake system. This device comprises a casing 75 in which is a slide valve 76 controlling,r connections 77 with the train line, TR with the atmosphere and 79 through which air from the. main reservoir is supplied to the train. The passage 80. leads to thev main reservoir. The slide 76 is operated h v means of a rod 81 to which are secured the pistons 82 and 83, the latter being;r larger than the 'former as shown. A passage R4 connects the main reservoir with a chamber in which moves the piston S3. tl1ia"conneetion being governed by means of a valve S5. Exhaust from the chamber of the piston 83 may take place through the port 86 controlled hy a valve 8'?, communication with the. atmosphere being made through a passage The valves 85 and S6 are mounted upon the same stem and connected with the. plunger 89 of a magnet having two 6^ windings 90 and 91. Thevalve 85 is seated when the plunger is lowered, while this valve. is opened and the valve 86 seated when the, plunger is lifted. The windings and plunger are so constructed and arranged that` the magnetomotive force of the winding Slt) is Hullieient to maintain the plunger raised after it has been raised, hut is not'` sullicient to lii't. the plunger after it. has dropped. The winding 91, however, ia so constructed and connected as to act in conjunction with the winding 90 and supply the additional manrw netomotive force necessary to lift the, plunger after it hatl dropped; the windingfli can then be denergized, the winding 90 heing sullicient to hold the plunger after it has been lifted as above noted. The wind ing 91 may be energized from the batterv 92 in a circuit which includes thtl hand switch 93, the adjustable resistance Sl-lV and the normally open contacta` 95 which are pushed together by the projection titi upon the piston rod 81 when the pistonsl havo moved to their left, hand position. The eier tromagnet shown in lfig. (S correspiauls to the electromagnet i4- shown in Fins. l and 2, and the manner ot' energizingr the windY iu 90 is shown in those figures.

rom the foregoing it will he seen that, the plunger 89 ha ving heen lifted` the normally closed circuit including`r the hattetv l5 of Fig. 1 will keep the plunger lifted. The valves will occupir the positions as shown when pressure from the main reset`Y voir is admitted to the Tat-es of hoth of tho pistons. The. piston Bil heini.r larger. the .slide valve is pushed to the right as shown when the, main reservoir is connected with the channel T9 and the train line is rut oli' from the atmosphere. ln thisA condition thil brakes are ofi'. li now a vehicle arranged as shown in Fig. l should have its` wheels' on one rail presented to the poles oi` a trat-h magnet in the right hand liloeli. nothing would take plartI aa the coils ou this man"- uet would be energized and neulralimI the, permanent magnet. lf` however` the vehicle should enter the middle bloei;` when the wheels on the rail were presented tothe. poles ol a track magnet. the magnet ism therefrom would traverse the yoke. h etween the Wheels (the magnetism of the permanent magnet hein;r unopposed because of the presence of a vehicle in 'the next hloek ahead). the windinfr J0 would be deiinerjfized and the plun ger would drop. Thisv would close the valve Q5 and open the valve 87. The air pressure would thus he .shut oli from the piston ehamher S3 and it would he connected with the atmosplmre. The main reservoir pressure on the. lsmall piston 82 would predominate and the. slide, valve moved toward the left. The, main rewrvoir would than he shut ofi, the train lino connected wifh atmosphere and brakes applied. The would occur upon the passage of the firs:l pair of magnets at the lit) lili

'whereupon the brakes would `be removed.

In order to prevent illconsidered or hast operation in takin olf the brakes, the switc i 93 would prefer-ab y be located at some point where it would be necessary for the engineer to get'put of his cab or take some other wellconsidered action before effecting its operation. The brakes havinV been removed, the

train may proceed unti the track magnets advisable.

away rom the magnetic yoke' is the largest.

at the middle of` the block have been encountez-ed when the brakes may again be applied and the engineer may remove them and pass on as before. This is also true of the track: magnets at the left hand end of the block. It will vthus beY seen that the engineer will be given warning .three times, beginning ,at the entrance of the block, that the block ahead is occupied and a condition of danger exists and will have plenty ofopportunlty to take suitable action. Onthe other hand, he is not stalled; he may reinovethe obstruction to his progress, and proceed as may seem Referring to the modied form of apparatus shown in Figs. 7, 8 and 9, the track magnet comprises a 'permanent magnet 18', the windings 21 and 22', the limbs 19 and 20 with insulating sections 23 and 24 from the track rail 2 in which is inserted the manganese section 25 and on which rest the Wheels 3 and 4', between which extends the yoke having the ends il and 9 presented to the wheels, the coils 21 and 22 being placed in circuit with a battery 26 and a variable resistance 27. All of this strueturc is the same as that of Figs 1 and 2 ex cept that instead of having a magnetic tongue as 10 anuated to aileot an electric circuit, this magnetism acts upon an air valve. In the yoke between the wheels is a .gap 100 across which extend ma etic controlling devices for the air brakes. magnetic devices can be best explained in connection with Figs, 8 and 9 to which reference is now made. Secured to each of the yoke members are three springs 101, 102 and 103 at different distances from the mag# notie yoke. Each of the springs carries a block ofpiron' 104, 105- and 106, formed at their tops with points 107, 108 and 109 adapted to act as pin valves in holes in the receptacle 110. The holecorresponding to the block 106 which is nearest to the magnetic yoke is the smallest, that correspon ing 'to the block 105 is smaller while that corres ending to block 104 which is farthest hese These holes are normally held closed by the which will open the tr in line and close thel `l` main reservoir of the a r brake S stem.

The blocks 104, 105 and 106 belng mounted directly over thegap 100 in the ma etio yoke, any magnetism passing throng this yoke will tend to pull the blocks downwardly. The block 106 being nearest to the gap will be acted upon most strongly by a.

given magnetization, the block 105 will bey pulled down by the somewhat stron er ma netization than is required to pull own tg block 106, 'while the block 104 will require a still stronger magnetization to de press it.

When depressed, a block and spring will 'occupy a position as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 8. When, therefore, a vehicle, equipped as just described, passes over a track magnet, if there is suliicient ma etization sent through the wheels and yo e by the magnet, one or more of the pin valves 107 .to 109 will be opened.

With the arrangement of a vehicle as,l just described, when a vehicle is in the right hand block of the apparatus as indicated in` Fig. 5 it will be noted that there is no vehi cle in the middle block so that the vehicle may pass through the right hand block without any'el'ect upon its apparatus, the magnetism of the ermanent magnets bein neutralized by t. e windings of the trac magnets. When the vehicle enters the middie block, there being a vehicle in the next block ahead, the neutralizing electromagnetic part of the track magnets will be dcenergized so that the permanent magnets will force their magnetism through the ma netic circuits through the wheels as the trac magnets are passed. Y The first track ma et to e encountered upon entering the mi die block ismade of such strength that the block 106 will. be depressed, but is not sullcient to cause depression of either of the blocks 104 or 105.. The permanent ma of the middle track magnets of the ook are of such stren that block` 105, but not 104, will be pull down, whilelthe w l* e of the permanent ma end of the block w `pull down theblook 104. The result is that upon encounte the first track magnet the rece tacle 11 will be bled, but at a. slow rate so at it will re nire considerable to bleed the train su eiently to apply thebralme or to obtain sutlieient air through the opening to mutuato a ralvewhere such a means `of applying the brakes is used. lf the proceeds,

4 120,2' ets; et the lefthand when it encounters the next track magnet the pin valve corresponding to the block 105 will .be opened, allowing greater rapidity of bleedin so that the brakes will be quickly set. I the train roc eds until it encouns ters the next and ast 'rack ma net in the block, the pin valve correspon ing to the block 104 will be o ened and, the position then being close to e danger signal, a sufficient vent will be iven to the receptacle 110 to quickly'set the rakes.

As the vehicles pass over the magnets it will be apparent that the pull of the magnetism upon theblocks 104 to 106 will be quite brief. It is desired,` however, that While they should be normally closed and should return to closed position after having been opened, this return movement should be retarded so as to give effect to the brake 0peration as described. To this end a retardin means for preventing the quick return o the blocks 104 to 106 is provided. There is a dash-pot 111 corresponding to each of the springs 101 to 103. Supported by an up right spring 112 fixed to the dash-pot piston 113 is a latch 114 which engages the end of the spring when it. is depressed. The returning force of the spring causes it to rise but slowlyY on account oft the slow movementy of the. dash-pctI piston. When the spring has near-l5Y or quite reached its uppermost position` the latch is engaged by a stationary detiector 115 which forces the latch out of engagen'tent with the spring. The latch with the piston then returns to its lowest position in readiness for a repetition of the operation.

lt` thus appears that on account of the different strengths of the permanent magnets along thc track in the block. the engineer is signaled and the brakes gradually lbrought into operation. so that the engine driver has ample warning of the stop required bv danger in the next block. the train is slowed down so that the stop can be safely made even it the engineer takes no action, and finally the stop is automatically made.

Referring to the modification as shown in `Figs. 10 and 11. there. are the track rails 116 and 117 with manganese sections 118 in each and with a track magnet. bridging each of the manganese sections. Flach of the'sid traf-k magnets comprises the permanent magnet 115) extending along` the rail and the windings 120 and 121 upon the iron limba` 122 and 123. these limbs` being` instr latetl it occasion requires (but otherwise` these yokes are wound coils 131 and 132. These coils are wound in op osite directions, so that they act in conjunction, the track magnets on o posite sides of the track being turned end or end, that is to say, a ear approaching a pair of track magnets will encounter a north pole on one side of the track and a south pole on the other. The two windings 131 and 132 are connected in series in a closed circuit with the battery 133, the electromagnet 134 and the variable resistance 135. It is apparent that normally the circuit through the electromagnet 134: will be completed and that that magnet will be energized. IThis magnet may be that which controls an apparatus as shown in Fig. 6, as has been already described.

lf now a vehicle is traveling in a` block against which no danger is set, as for instance, in the right hand block of Fig. 5, there will be no effect upon the magnetic circuit on the Vehicle by the track magnets as they are neutralized by the electromagnetic 'windings as before explained. When the vehicle travels into the next block, however, (the middle block ot' Fig. 5) the magnetism in the first pair of track' magnets will not be neutralized. As the pairs of wheels between which the yokes extend come into the infiuence of the track magnets. magnetism will be built up in the yoke-s between the wheels, whlch will induce an elcctromotive force in the coils 131 and 132. As the wheels recede from the influence of the track magnets, the magnetism will decrease and electromotivc force will be gen erated in these coils, but, in the opposite di rection, so that there will be a complete cycle of electromotive force generated in the coils as the wheels pass a pair of track magnets, this cycle consisting ot' two alternan tionsl as is Well known. One. of these alter-v nations will be opposed to the electrtmiotive force of the battery 133. When this occurs. it is apparent that the coil 134 will be delinergized. The three pairs of track magnets in a block are so proportioned as to strength that the eleetronmtive force induced in the -coils `upon passing them Will be. equal and opposite and therefore neutralizing that of the battery 133) at different speeds of the, vehicle.

.itt-5:

It is Well known that the clectromotivn force induced in a conductor is equal to thel product of the strength of the magneti(- field and thc speed of cutting of the lines of force. The permanent magnet of each of the trat-k magnets of a pair which is first encountered when a. block is entered against which a danger signal is set is made of such strength that thc vehicle must, be. making a certain speed. say sixty miles an hour. in order to genera te, nlectromotive force in the eols litt and 132 to neutralize that of the battery,y 'las The Send track magnets encountered have battery is eiiected at a still slower speed, say

` magnet 134: wil

- The next pair of ma -magnets are indicate fifteen 'miles an hour.- It thus appears that in passing through the block against which there is no danlger signal set, the electrocontinue to be energized. When a vehicle enters a block against which a d r signal isset, however, the magnet 134 wi lnot be afected by the first pair of ma hg .rate of speed. If so, it will be checked, ets will require the e neer to run ata still-lower'rate of s eed if. e is not to be checked., while the t iid pair of ma ets inthe block uires a very ow rate o speed. 4 In fact, thisthird pair of magnets may be made so strong that in case o a home or` interlockingsignal, the brakeswill be'fapplied with scarcely any movement of the train at all, thatis, it will be compelled to come to a stop.,

Referring now to Figs. 12 and 13 the aps paratus operates in' a similar manner to that 0f Fi 10 and 11 butdiifers therefrom in that t e magnetic circuit on* the -vehicle is made from wheel to wheel through the car axles and through ,the track magnets in series. so that one pair ofv wheels Aand. the track 'magnet on one side form a yoke for the other ,pair of wheels and track magnet upon the other side. The track magnets bear the samer relation to the iails and areof reversed polarity on opposite sides as before and the rails have the ma anese steel sections 1nserted in them.. lectroma et 140, controlling ap aratus as shown 1n Fig. 6 asy before decori d, is connected in4 series in a closed circuit with a battery'141, a variable resistance 142 and coils 14:3, 144:, 145 and 146 ,which encircle the wheels below their'axles. In these drawings, ,F'iigel and 13, the track at 147 and 148, while v the coils opposing the magnetomotive force of the permanent ina ets and controlled thetrack relays, as ascribed, are indicated at 149 and 150, these `coils being'connected lin 'series with -a'battery 151 anda' variable Vcui resistance-152. When wheels arranged 'as described a'p roach a track magnet which is not neutra izedthe building up and collapsing of the magnetic'lield which will be A set up through` the'- circuit formed by the magnets on opposite sides of the track, the heels and axles, will induce electromotivc oice in the circuit of thecoil 140which may o, erate to neutralize it under various oo nditions as before described.y y Referring to Figs. 14 and 15. the device diil'ersfroin that shown in Figs.' 12 :1nd,13 in ets, unless the train is running at a It is apparent that the ma tive force of t :made strongenou'gh'to saturate the magincolto? brake operating ma et 161 is connected ir series with the coi s 162 and 163 wound about the axles 164 and 165, it being'V under stood that in both this and in that 'of Figs.

12 and 1 3, the coils are wound to avoid Ineutralizingeach other. Also, in tliecii'cui'i` .l.

of the magnet 161,is the battery 166, which normally energizes it, and also thevariabl. resistance 167. This device obvious w?? operate in a similar way to that descri if connectionwith Figs. y12-aiid 13.

.While the inclusion of .manganese stef' sections in the rails has been referred to auf 1n many cases will be desirable, it may h thatthe usual track rails, owing to prpw tions or material, will vnot shuntV sui'eieii magnetism from the magnetic circuit on i' vehicle to interfere with its operation. such case it will 'be unnecessarv to insel-l section of rail of different quality' or pf portion, but the same track rail can be use? throughout.

Where it is necessary to prevent shuntiiii; of the magnetism from the vehicle magneti: circuit it may be desirable instead 'f in sertingja high reluctance section toplace e coil between the poles of the track mag.;A

met, which coil will encircle the base of the rail, passin through a hole in the web. A structure o 'this character is shown in Figs 16 and 17, wherein 170 represents the tread of the rail,- 171- the base,172 the web, andv 173 the coil as just referred to. This coil i'na be energized from any suitablev source. etism will flow in o posite directions in 't e head and base of t e rail respectively. The magnetomo' e oo il should therefore be netic circuit in the rail. When this is done` the sectionv of the 'rail so saturated will lin- -terpose substantially the resistance of an the rai were not saturated'as described, the

lic

applicationof the coil mi ht aid the shunting of magnetism from t evehicle instead of-;preventing it. g The track .relays as 58, 62,' etc... mayr operate semaphores as 174, 175, 176' in a well.

known manner to cause the semaphores to indicate c1 ar, dangerV or caut1on. Apparatus W, ereby a track relay may so operate the semaphores is well known ian the shown. at the extreme right. The semapliore at .17 5 is at horizontal showing dan- Eer,V there bei a. vehicle in the left hand lock. There ing no vehicle in the middle block. thi` semaphore 176 ie `xhown at an angle of lo indicating ratition." while the semaphore 174 ia'at Manger," there hcng. a vehicle in thc right hand block.

While thtl invention has heen illustrated in what is consid red its heat applications, it may have` other embodiments; without df.- parting from its spirit, and is not, there fore` limited to the Structures shown in thtI drawings` l i'laini and ilrsirt to ohtain hy Letters latcnt thc following1-- l. 'llw combination with a wheeled vehicle traveling along a lixcd lin(I of way, of track rails` trai-k maghi-ts. adapted to havo their magnctir Circuits completed through wher-lel succeeding cach other on the Sante rail` the poles of Iwill trark magnets hcing pro-exited to wht-cls upon om` side of said track and nicaml rontrollefl hv thc umguttiain in salti rirtuitfr for slowing the vehicle,

2 The r'oinhiluition with a uheolotl vo hirh tiaveling along a tixcfl liinof nav. of trawl( mil-t. track niagnv` adapted to haveY fhfir magrtti'l oli-ruit,L completed through vflweh; autvncilingf nach other on the `naine r:|il.`itn= pollaot` anni tratk magnete heiner presented to wheel` upon on(` :sidt of `artid trarlt. and ine-ana controlled hy thc niagni-timn in said circuits For stopping the vc.A hitlt.

il. The roinhination with a wheeled vehicle traveling along a fixed line of Way. of track raila. track inapnicta` adapted to havitht-ir iuagnotir circuits completed through wheels* succeeding cach other on the Same mik tho polos of said track magnets being pie-,witted to hoch upon ontl side of said travi-:ti and nnau rontrolletl h v tho magnetism in aid Circuits' for allor-ting thc i:iakre of anni which).

t. The ooinhinatiou with a whceletl ve. hielt traveling along a fixed line of way. of trat-lr mila. truck magnets comprising pcrmanent magnets. adapted to have their magnet ic circuit` completed through AWheels sin reciting each other on the Same rail, the poles or" aid traf-li magnets heilig presented to wheels upon one aide of said track` and means controlled by the magnetism in lSaid circuits for slowing the vehicle.

5'. The combination with a Wheeled vehir'lc traveling along -a xed lino of way. ot trat-k rails, track magnets fomprizing permanent magnete, adapted to h'avi` their magnetic circuits completed through wheels succeeding cach other on thc same rail. thtl polos of Said track magnete` being prcerntctl to wheels' upon one `aide of said track. and lucana controlled h v the magnctiem in said circuit1 for stopping the vehicle.

tl: The 'oinhination with a wheeled volilrlctraveling along a liXcd lim* of Way, of

track raile. track magnets comprining permanent magnets, adapted to have their magnctit' circuits completed through hoch snri-ecding cach other on thcI saine rail` thc poles of said track iii-.ignote living presented to nhctle upon on(` sithl of 4will trat-k. :intl means controlled hy the ningun-,tieni in said i-ircuits for after-ting thc hraln of said ve hicle. l

7. The combination with a wheeled vehi cle traveliugalolig a lixcd line of vayv. of track raila` track magnete controlled hy con ditions in th(- hlock ahead. adapted to ham, their magnetic ffii-cuits completed through Wheels succeeding caf-h other on thv mnurail` the polenl ot' lmid track magnets: heini: presented to wheels upon one eide ol `will track, and means controlled by the magA nctiein in said cil-cuite` for slowing thg` w hicle.

8. The combination with a wheeled which: traveling along a lixcd linc of way, oi track rails. track magnets controlled by Condit loof in the block ahead, adapted to have than magnetic circuits completed through nlm-L `Succeeding each other on the Sante rail1 tht poles of said track magnets being preamtfftl to u'hecls upon one Side of said tiri lt. `intl menne` controlled by thcl magnetism in unt circuits for stopping the vehicle.

it. The combination with a wheeled vt-hi cle traveling along a fixed line of way" of track rails, track magnets controlled by ron rlitions in the block ahead, adapted t0 have their magnetic circuits completed through wheels succeeding each other on tho same rail, the poles of Said track magnete heilig presented to Wheels upon one sideof said track` and means controlled h v the niagnetihin in said circuital for a'ccting the hrakvu of said vehicle.

10. The coinhination with a wheeled vchiclc traveling along a fixed line of way, of track rails, track magnets comprising per inancnt magnete, adapted to have their niagnot-ic circuits completed through Wheelel su@ needing nach other on tho saine rail, the poles of said track magnets: being resented to wheel` upon thc same side of t e track, a coil about the magnetic circuit on the vehicle through which thc magnetic circuits of the track magnets are adapted to be completed, a closed circuit for said coil, a source of elcctroinotive force and a translating de vice also included in said circuit.

11. The combination with a wheeled vchicle traveling along a fixed line of way, of track raila` track magnete comprising perma nent magnets, adapt/cd to ha vc their ning netic circuits completed through wheels anc needing nach other on the same rail. the polos of Said track magnets being resented to wht-els upon thc anic Qidc of t c Pack, a coil about the magnetic circuit on the vchirlo through which the magnetic circuits of the'track ma ets are adapted becompleted, a close circuit for said coil, a source 'of electromotive force and a translating de manent magnets, adapted to have their mag-` netic circuits completed through wheels sncceedingY each other on the same rail, the poles of said track magnets being resented to wheels upon the same side of t e track,

a coil about the magnetic circuit on the vehicle through which the magnetic circuits of the track ma ets are adapted to be completed, a close circuit for said. coil, a source of electromotive force and a translating device also included in said circuit and elec` tromagnetic means for controlling the flow of magnetism from the permanent magnet in the magnetic circuit.

13. The combination with a wheeled vchicle traveling along a fixed line of way, of track rails, track magnets comprising per v manent magnets, adapted to have their magnetic circuits completed through wheels sucv ceeding each other on the samev rail, the poles of said track magnets being resented to wheels upon the same side of t e track, a coil about the magnetic circuit on the vehicle through which the magnetic circuits of the track magnets are adapted to be completed, a closed circuit for said coil, a source of electr-emotive force and a translating de vice also included in said circuit, and adaptn ed to be operated by the electromotive force induced in it by the magnetic flux from said permanent magnet.`

14. The combination with a wheeled vehicle traveling along a 'fixed line of way, of track rails, track magnets comprising permanent magnets, adapted to have their magnetic circuits completed through wheels succeedng each other on the same rail, the poles of said track magnets being presented tolcxvheels upon the same side of the track, a coil about the magnetic circuit on the vehicle through which the magnetic circuits of the track magnets are adapted to be completed, a closed circuit for said coil, a source of electromotive force and a translating device also included in said circuit, and adapted to be operated by the electromotive force induced in it by the magnetic iiux from said permanent ma et, an means for controling the ow'o magnetic flux from said per- 'manent magnet.

15.`The combination with a wheeled vehicle traveling along a fixed line of way, of track rails, track magnets Acomprising permanent magnets, adapted to have their mag* netic circuits completed through Wheels succceding each other on the same rail, the poles of said track magnets bein presented to wheels u on the same side of t e track, a coil about t e magnetic circuit on the vehicle through which the magnetic circuits of the track magnets are adapted to be completed, a closed circuit for said coil, a source of electromotive force and a translatin device also included in said circuit, and a apt ed to be operated by the electromotive force induced in it by the ma etic flux from said permanent magnet, an means comprising a -coil and a source of current for controlling the iiow of magnetic {iux from said permanent magnet.

16. The combination with a permanent ma net located in a trackway and connected wit Vthe rail on one side of the track so as to have its poles presented to longitudinally separated portions of the rail included in the magnetic circuit of the permanent magnet, a coil on said permanent magnet for diverting or choking the flow of flux from the permanent magnet from the track rail` when it is energized, a circuit and source of current including said coil, means for con trolling said circuit whereby the coil may be en rgized or denergized, Wheels haviiu, traveling Contact with said trackway an through which the magnetic circuit of said magnet is adapted to be closed, a coil about said magnetic circuit and a closed circuit including the last mentioned coil.

17. The combination with a jjwermanent magnet located in a trackway and connected with the rail on one side of the track so as to have its poles presented to longitudinali)r separated portions of the rail included in the magnetic circuit of the permanent magnet, a coil on said permanent magnet for diverting or choking the dow of flux from the permanent ma net from the track rail. means for control ing said circuit whereby thc coil' may be energized or denergzed, wheels having; traveling contact with said trackway and through which the magnetic circuit of said magnet is adapted to be closed, a coil about said magnetic circuit and a closed circuit including the last mentioned coil, a source of electro-motive force in said circuit and a translating device controlled by said circuit.

' 18. The combination with a permanent magnet located in a trackway and connected with the rail on one side of the track so as to have its poles presented to longitudinally separated portions of the rail included in the magnetic circuit of the permanent magnet, a coil on said permanent magnet for (li-- vcrting or choking the flou' ,of fiux from the permanent magnet from the track rail, when it is energized, a circuit and source of current including said coil. a closed track cirl cuit for controlling said circuit. means for controlling said circuit whereby the coil may be cnt rgizcd or denergizcd. wheels having tra\'clin, r contact with said trackvvav. and through which the magnetic circuitof said magnet is adapted to he closed. n coil about said magnetic circuit and a closed circuit includingr the last mentioned coil. and a translating device controlled h v the last mentioned circuit.

lit. The combination with a line of rail upon one side ot' a railway. a permanent magnet magnetically connected therewith at longitudinally separated points` a plurality of wheels having rollin;r contact' with said rail so as to he at times included in a magr4 uctitI circuit with the permanent magnet. a, coil surroundingr a magnetic circuit through said magnet and wheels and a closed circuit for said coil including' a translating;r device.

2d. 'llu` combination with two lines of rails constituting a railway track` ot' a plurality of vehicle wht-cls moving along said track upon each line ot rails. track magnets along each line ot' rails` each ot' said magA nets` having its` poles presented to longitudinally yseparated points of the rails` upon its side ot' tht` track. magnetic conducting means` connecting the wheels of n pair. one on each ofthe said lines of rails; and a closed electric circuit including a source ot' electro4 motive torce` coils about the said magnetic conductingr means. and an electroiiiagnct, the magnetic circuit of a track magnetI on one side bein; T closed through the said wheels, the magnetic conductorsbetween them and the track magnet upon the opposite side ot' the track.

2l. The combination with tvvo lines ot' rails constitutingIr a railway track. ot' track magnets comprisingr permanent magnets distributed alongr said track. of a vehicle moving along said track and having wheels through which magnetic circuit for the track magnets is made, a circuit controlled b v the track magnets including a source of electromotive force and a translating device. the electromotive force of said source being neutralized by the operation of the magnetism of the track magnets as the vehicle passes them, the said magnets operating as described whatever the relative position of the vehicle upon the rails.`

22. The combination with a wheeled vehicle traveling along a fixed line of way, of track rails and track magnets adapted to have their magnetic circuits completed through wheels succeeding each other on the same rails and the poles of said magnets being presented to wheels upon one. side of said track.

23. The combination with a wheeled vehicle traveling along a xed line of way, of track rails and track magnets comprising permanent magnets adapted to have their magnetic circuits' completed through wheels Succeeding each other on the same rails and the poles of said track magnets being,r presented to wheels upon one side of said track.

24. The combination with a wheeled vehicle traveling along a ixed line of way, of track rails and track magnets controlled by conditions` in thc block ahead, adapted to have their magnetic circuits completed through wheels succeeding each other on the saidrails, the poles ot' said track magnets being presented to wheels upon one side of said track.

25. The combination with a wheeled vehicle traveling along a fixed line of way, of track rails, track magnets comprising permanent magnets, adapted to have their magnetic circuits completed through wheels succeeding each other on the same rails, the poles of said track magnets being presented to wheels upon one side of said track, the .said permanent magnets heilig of different, strengths at different points along the line ot' wav.

2G. 'lhe combination with a wheeled vehicle traveling along a fixed line of Way, of track rails, track magnets comprising permanent magnets, adapted to have their magnetic circuits completed through wheels succeeding each other on the same rails. the poles of said track magnets being presented to wheels upon one side of said track, the said permanent magnets being of different strengths at different points along the line ot \va v and means controlled bv the magnetism in said circuits for slowing the vehicle. i

2T. The combination with a Wheeled vehicle traveling along a fixed line of way, of track rails. track magnets comprising pel manent magnets, adapted to have their magnetic circuits completed through wheels Succeeding cach other on the same rails, the poles ot' said track magnets being presented to wheels upon one side of said track, the said pernnlnent magnets being of different strength at different positions along the line of way, a coil about the magnetic circuit on the vehicle through which the track magnets have their magnetic circuits completed and a circuit for said coil including a translating device.'

28. The combination with a wheeled vehicle traveling along a fixed line of way, of track rails, track magnets comprising permanent magnets of different strengths at different positions along the line of way, said magnets having thelr magnetic circuits completed through wheels succeeding each other on the same rails, the poles of said track magnets' being presented to the wheels upon one side of said track, a coil about the magnetic circuit on the vehicle through which the magnets are adapted to have their circuits completed, and a closed circuit for said coil comprising a source of electromotive force in connection with said coil, and

a translating. device, whereby at a predetermined vehicle speed the electromotive force track rails, track ma nets comprising permanent magnets of iii'erent strengths at different positions along the line of way, said magnets having their magnetic circuits completed through wheels succeeding each other on the same rails, the poles of said track magnets being presented to the wheels upon one side of said track, a coil about the 'magnetic circuit on the vehicle through which the ma ets are adapted to have their circuits complrfilted,V and a closed circuit for said coil com rising a translating'device, whereby the e eotromoti've force in connection with said coil is varied with a change ofspeed of the moving vehicle.

30; The combination with a Wheeled ve hcle traveling along a fixed line of way, of track rails, track ma ets comprising per manent magnets of di erent strengths at different positionsalongthe line of Way, said magnets having their magnetic circuits completed through wheels succeeding each other on the same rails,tlie Apoles of said track magnets being presented to the Wheels upon one side of said track, acoil about the magnetic circuit on the vehicle through which the magnets are adapted to have their circuits completed, a closed circuit for said coil comprisinga translating device, whereby at a predetermined speed the translating device will be operated when passing a permanent magnet of a certain strength value and not o rated inpassing permanent magnets of d1 erent stren h value.

31. The com ination with a line of rails upon one side .of a railway track, of a ve hicle hav' a plurality of wheels moving along said e of rails and a track magnet having its poles presented to longitudinallyT se stated points of the rails upon one side o the truck and adapted to have its mag netiecrcuit completed through .wheels suc m each other on said line of rails, a. ef yoke extending between said upon the vehicle, a coil about the magnetic through said wheels and yoke and a circuit for said coil including a translating device. Y

32. The combination with a line of rails upon one side of al railway track, of a vehicle having a plurality of wheels moving along said line of rails and d. track magnet having its poles presented to longitudinally separated points of the rails upon one side of the track and adapted to have its magneticcircuit completed through wheels succeeding each other on saidllne of' rails, a"

magnetic yoke extending between said wheels upon the vehicle, a coil about the magnetic circuit through said wheels and yoke and a circuit for said coil including Van electromagnet controlling the vehicle braking,

33. The combination with a wheeled vehicle traveling along a fixed line of way, of

track rails, track magnets comprising per.

of track rails, track magnets comprising permanent magnets, adapted to have their magnetic circuits completed througlrwhccls succeeding each other on the same rails, the poles of said track magnets being presented to the Wheels upon one side of` said track, a device controlled by the magnetism in the magnetic circuit on the vehicle which is completed through the wheels and track magnets and means for causing the ornnmoperation of the said 'device regardless of the direction c of mo vement of the vehicle upon the rails.

VSigned at city of New York in the county of New York and State of New York this 27th day of July A..V D. 1914.

-WILLIAM'CONRAD NEIN. Witnesses:

J. D. Mmmm, M. Mo. Eiuiur. p 

